Capsular Contracture Stage Three

Stage III capsular contracture describes a breast implant which is firm to touch with visible breast deformity. Stage III capsular contracture can occur anytime after breast augmentation. Patients may experience a firm breast implant from one week to a few decades after breast augmentation surgery. The key distinction from other Stages of capsular contracture is visible breast deformity. The implant essentially looks firm and deformed while it also feels hard to touch. The next distinction is the absence of pain and tenderness in Stage III capsular contracture versus in more advanced Stage IV. Patients and surgeons have some work to do if patients are diagnosed with Stage III capsular contracture or a tight breast implant. Prevention is still important in Stage III implant tightening in order to minimize progression of the capsular contracture. Make an appointment to visit your plastic and reconstructive surgeon as soon as you feel and visualize any change in the breast implant. It is unknown exactly what factors contribute to the progression of capsular contracture. Continue massaging your breast implants to minimize the progression of the capsular contracture. Capsular contracture, particularly when it occurs early in the first six months after breast augmentation, predicts a higher risk for another early capsular contracture. With this trend in mind, patients with early Stage III capsular contracture should consider implant removal versus replacement even before their consultation with a plastic surgeon. Following patients' breast augmentation surgery, regular follow-ups by plastic and reconstructive surgeons are paramount in minimizing complications. To be able to stop a problem at its early stages is of utmost importance. Examinations on the day after breast augmentation surgery, another examination one week after surgery, followed by another follow-up three weeks after surgery are recommended. These early visits serve to minimize the risks of early complications from breast augmentation surgery. Capsular contracture may begin any time after breast augmentation: from a couple of weeks to decades after breast augmentation. The intervals between plastic surgery office visits essentially double until patients reach the one year mark after surgery. The late follow-up appointments are to diagnose late complications after breast augmentation surgery. After the first post-operative year, patients should continue annual breast examinations by a plastic and reconstructive surgeon to evaluate patients' breasts for any masses, implant rupture or capsular contracture. If patients are over forty, an annual mammogram is currently recommended to evaluate for breast cancer. Implant rupture is one of the causes for implant capsular contracture. Other causes for the onset of capsular remain generally unknown. You should have an examination by your plastic and reconstructive surgeon once you notice a firm breast implant. Your plastic and reconstructive surgeon may order an MRI to identify the source for the capsular contracture. If no implant rupture is present, off-label use of Accolate or Singulair medications have been shown to soften the implants in certain women. “Off-label" use indicates that these medications have not been approved by the FDA for use in treating tight breast implant capsules. Accolate and Singulair are called leutotriene receptor antagonists used to prevent asthma symptoms. They work by blocking the action of natural chemicals in our body which signal inflammation and swelling. It is believed that the same mechanism which leads to tightening of airways in asthmatics results in tightening of breast implant pockets. Singulair has the advantage of being a once a day medication versus Accolate which is taken twice a day. If your plastic and reconstructive surgeon feels it is indicated, off-label trial of one or two months of Accolate or Singulair can be taken before contemplating surgery. If the implant softens with the medications, no further treatment is necessary. More advanced stages of capsular contracture such as Stage III are more unlikely to reverse with Accolate or Singulair. Conservative management or surgery remain options if the implant does not soften with off-label medications. Termed “capsulectomy," surgery entails excising the tight scar tissue around the implant with or without replacement of the implant. If the implant was originally placed through a scar around the areola or beneath the breast, the same incisions can be used to remove the scar tissue. If incisions at the underarms or the bellybutton were used to insert the implants, then a new incision at the breast is typically necessary to remove the scar tissue around the breast. An episode of capsular contracture indicates a propensity for future repeat episodes particularly in patients who experience capsular contracture within the first six months of breast augmentation. To minimize the risk for repeat capsular contracture, factors contributing to tight scar formation around breast implants must be minimized. Breast implant replacement with a smaller breast implant is generally recommended if the original breast implants are excessively large for the breast pocket. Breast implants originally placed over the pectoralis muscle must be converted to under the muscle. A no-touch technique during surgery is important along with antibiotic irrigation of the implant pocket. In those wishing to continue monitoring the implants without any surgery, an MRI is indicated to evaluate for implant rupture. If implant rupture is not noted on examination or MRI, regular follow-up examination with your plastic and reconstructive surgeon every six months is recommended to follow the progression of your capsular contracture. If implant rupture is suspected on physical examination or MRI, then a capsulectomy and implant removal or replacement are recommended. Stage III capsular contracture is a medical indication for implant removal or exchange. Health insurance companies will generally cover the surgeon's fees as well as surgery center fees for capsulectomy and removal of the breast implant. Replacement of the breast implants is typically not covered by health insurance companies in cosmetic breast augmentation cases. Breast implants used in breast reconstruction are always covered by health insurance. Keep in mind that most plastic and reconstructive surgeons are NOT contracted health insurance providers. Fees for capsulectomy, implant removal, and potential replacement vary among plastic and reconstructive surgeons and geographic areas. Copays may therefore apply for the procedures. The plastic and reconstructive surgeon can write a letter addressed to a patient's insurance company to request pre-authorization for capsulectomy and breast implant removal surgery. Pre-authorization will improve the chances for insurance company reimbursement. Stage III breast implant capsular contracture may occur anytime after breast augmentation surgery. Prevention of capsular contractor, or tight scar formation around breast implants, is the main goal. Breast massage should begin by the second week after surgery once any pain has minimized. Regular breast massage, annual physical examination by a plastic and reconstructive surgeon, and mammograms after the age of forty are all imperative to excellent breast health. Once diagnosed with Stage III capsular contracture without implant rupture, conservative management with Accolate or Singulair should begin immediately. One to two month trial of the medications is justified before undertaking any surgery. Given the visible breast deformity in this stage, attentive monitoring of the breast implants is less common though it can be justified. Patients wishing to have their original soft breast implants can have capsulectomy and implant replacement. Some may choose to have their implants entirely removed with capsulectomy. Regardless of treatments chosen, there is no rush to have any surgery in Stage III capsular contracture without implant rupture. In those patients diagnosed with Stage III capsular contracture with implant rupture, timely capsulectomy with removal or replacement of breast implants is imperative. Ruptured saline implants can lead to future breast asymmetry even after replacement of the breast implant as the implant pocket scars in to collapse around a now deflated implant. There is also a risk for fluid collections developing in the open pocket. Ruptured silicone implants also have to be removed with capsulectomy within a few days to a few weeks after diagnosis. Leaving a ruptured breast implant can lead to migration of the ruptured silicone, breast deformity, and progression of the capsular contracture.

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Substance-related disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, also known as DSM-IV-TR, is a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that includes all currently recognized mental health disorders. The coding system utilized by the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, commonly referred to as the ICD. Since early versions of the DSM did not correlate with ICD codes and updates of the publications for the ICD and the DSM are not simultaneous, some distinctions in the coding systems may still be present. For this reason, it is recommended that users of these manuals consult the appropriate reference when accessing diagnostic codes.

Alcohol-related disorders

• Alcohol
  • 305.00 Abuse
  • 303.90 Dependence
  • 291.8 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 291.8 -Induced mood disorder
  • 291.1 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
  • 291.2 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 291.5 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 291.3 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 291.8 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 291.8 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 303.00 Intoxication
  • 291.0 Intoxication delirium
  • 291.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 291.8 Withdrawal
  • 291.0 Withdrawal delirium

Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like) related disorders

• Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like)
  • 305.70 Abuse
  • 304.40 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS (includes Amphetamine Withdrawal Psychosis)
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Caffeine-related disorders

• Caffeine
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 305.90 Intoxication
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Cannabis-related disorders

• Cannabis
  • 305.20 Abuse
  • 304.30 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Cocaine-related disorders

• Cocaine
  • 305.60 Abuse
  • 304.20 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Hallucinogen-related disorders

• Hallucinogen
  • 305.30 Abuse
  • 304.50 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.89 -persisting perception disorder
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Inhalant-related disorders

• Inhalant
  • 305.90 Abuse
  • 304.60 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Nicotine-related disorders

• Nicotine
  • 305.1 Dependence
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Opioid-related disorders

• Opioid
  • 305.50 Abuse
  • 304.00 Dependence
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal

Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like) related disorders

• Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like)
  • 305.90 Abuse
  • 304.90 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders

• Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic
  • 305.40 Abuse
  • 304.10 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.83 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
  • 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.81 Intoxication delirium
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal
  • 292.81 Withdrawal delirium

Polysubstance-related disorder

• 304.80 Polysubstance dependence

Other (or unknown) substance-related disorder

• Other (or unknown) substance
  • 305.90 Abuse
  • 304.90 Dependence
  • 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
  • 292.81 -Induced delirium
  • 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
  • 292.83 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
  • 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
  • 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
  • 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
  • 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
  • 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
  • 292.89 Intoxication
  • 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
  • 292.0 Withdrawal